Publications List

PDFs are made available on the condition that they are for personal research only. If you have difficulty finding a paper, please email me at d.h.foster@manchester.ac.uk.
Foster, D.H. A Concise Guide to Communication in Science & Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2017/18.

  • Nascimento, S.M.C, Foster, D.H., Kelber, A., and Komatsu, H. (2024). Special issue: Seeing colors in nature, Vision Research, 224, 108476. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2024.108476. Download PDF.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C. & Foster, D.H. (2023). Misidentifying illuminant changes in natural scenes due to failures in relational colour constancy, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 290, 20231676. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1676 Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2023). Little information loss with red-green color deficient vision in natural environments, iScience, 26, 107421. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107421. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Tirandaz, Z., Foster, D.H., Romero, J., & Nieves, J. L. (2023). Efficient quantization of painting images by relevant colors, Scientific Reports, 13:3034. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29380-8. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Marín-Franch, I., Sanz-Sabater, M., & Foster, D.H. (2022). Application of offset estimator of differential entropy and mutual information with multivariate data. Experimental Results, 3, e16. doi: 10.1017/exp.2022.14. Open Access PDF. Download PDF. Access differential entropy and mutual information estimators.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C. & Foster, D.H. (2022). Information gains from commercial spectral filters in anomalous trichromacy. Optics Express, 30, 16883-16895, doi:10.1364/OE.451407. Open Access PDF. Download PDF. Access Fifty hyperspectral reflectance images of outdoor scenes. 
  • Foster, D.H., & Reeves, A. ( (2022). Colour constancy failures expected in colourful environments. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2022 Vol. 289 Issue 1967 Pages 20212483. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.2483. Open Access PDF. Download PDF. Access Fifty hyperspectral reflectance images of outdoor scenes.
  • Foster, D.H. (2021). Fluctuating environmental light limits number of surfaces visually recognizable by colour. Scientific Reports, 11, 2102. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80591-9. Open Access PDF. Download PDF. Access Short-interval hyperspectral images.  See also Kudos.
  • Foster, D.H., & Amano, K. (2019). Hyperspectral imaging in color vision research: tutorial. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 36, 606-627. doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.36.000606. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (2018). The Verriest Lecture: Color vision in an uncertain world. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 35, B192-B201. doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.35.00B192. Open Access PDF. Download PDF. See also Kudos.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., Amano, K., & Foster, D.H. (2016). Spatial distributions of local illumination color in natural scenes. Vision Research, 120, 39-44. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2015.07.005. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.  Download hyperspectral image files.
  • Foster, D.H., Amano, K., and Nascimento, S.M.C. (2016). Time-lapse ratios of cone excitations in natural scenes. Vision Research, 120, 45-60. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.012. Download PDF. Open Access PDF. Download hyperspectral image files.
  • Amano, K., & Foster, D.H. (2014). Influence of local scene color on fixation position in visual search. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 31 (4), A254-A262. Open Access PDF. Download PDF. Download automatic eye-tracking software.
  • Foster, D.H. (2013). Estimating limits on colour vision performance in natural scenes. In: L. MacDonald, S. Westland, & S. Wuerger (Eds.), AIC Colour 2013, 12th Congress of the International Colour Association, vol. 2 (pp. 633-636). Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, AIC International Colour Association. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Marín-Franch, I. (2013). Effectiveness of digital camera sensors in distinguishing colored surfaces in outdoor scenes. Imaging Systems and Applications (paper ITh3D.2). Arlington, Virginia, OSA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ISA.2013.ITh3D.2. Download PDF. Download software for estimating Shannon information from colour images.
  • Marín-Franch, I., & Foster, D.H. (2013). Estimating information from image colors: An application to digital cameras and natural scenes. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 35, 78-91. Download PDF.
  • Mould, M.S., Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Oakley, J.P. (2012). A simple nonparametric method for classifying eye fixations. Vision Research, 57, 18-25. Open Access PDF. Download PDF. Download automatic eye-tracking software.
  • Foster, D.H., & Feng, G. (2012). Visual and material identity in natural scenes: Predicting how often indistinguishable surfaces become distinguishable. Predicting Perceptions: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Appearance (pp. 79-81). Edinburgh: Lulu Press, ISBN 978-1-4716-6869-2. Download PDF.
  • Feng, G., & Foster, D.H. (2012). Predicting frequency of metamerism in natural scenes by entropy of colors. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision, 29, A200-A208. Download PDF. Download software for estimating Shannon information from colour images.
  • Amano, K., Foster, D.H., Mould, M.S., & Oakley, J.P. (2012). Visual search in natural scenes explained by local color properties. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision, 29, A194-A199. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (2011). Color constancy. Vision Research, 51, 674-700. Open Access PDF. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.006.  Download PDF.  Go to Colour Constancy page.
  • Marín-Franch, I., & Foster, D.H. (2010). Number of perceptually distinct surface colors in natural scenes. Journal of Vision, 10(9):9 Download PDF from JoV. Download PDF. Download software for estimating Shannon information from colour images.
  • Foster, D.H. (2010). Chromatic function of the cones. In D.A. Dartt, J.C. Besharse, R. Dana, & P. Bex (Eds.), Encyclopedia of the Eye (pp. 266-274). Oxford: Academic Press. Download PDF.
  • Amano, K., & Foster, D.H. (2010). Tracking categorical surface colour across illuminant changes in natural scenes. In: CGIV 2010 (pp. 289-292). Joensuu, Finland: Society for Imaging Science and Technology. Download PDF.
  • Baraas, R.C., Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2010). Color constancy of red-green dichromats and anomalous trichromats. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 51 (4), 2286-2293. Download PDF.
  • Carroll, J., Baraas, R.C., Wagner-Schuman, M., Rha, J., Siebe, C.A., Sloan, C., Tait, D.M., Thompson, S., Morgan, J.I.W., Neitz, J., Williams, D.R., Foster, D.H., & Neitz, M. (2009). Cone photoreceptor mosaic disruption associated with Cys203Arg mutation in the M-cone opsin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (49), 20948-20953. Download PDF from PNAS. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Marín-Franch, I., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2009). Approaching ideal observer efficiency in using color to retrieve information from natural scenes. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision, 26 (11), B14-B24. Download PDF. Download software for estimating Shannon information from colour images.
  • Żychaluk, K., & Foster, D.H. (2009). Model-free estimation of the psychometric function. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 71 (6), 1414-1425. Download PDF. Download modelfree software. Go to modelfree site.
  • Reeves, A.J., Amano, K., & Foster, D.H. (2008). Color constancy: Phenomenal or projective? Perception & Psychophysics, 70 (2), 219-228. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (2008). Color Appearance. In: A.I. Basbaum, A. Kaneko, G.M. Shepherd, G. Westheimer, T.D. Albright, R.H. Masland, P. Dallos, D. Oertel, S. Firestein, G.K. Beauchamp, M.C. Bushnell, J.H. Kaas, & E. Gardner (Eds.), The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Vol. 2, Vision II (pp. 119-132). San Diego: Academic Press. Email author. See The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference.
  • Marín-Franch, I., & Foster, D.H. (2008). Distribution of information within and across colour spaces. In: CGIV 2008 (pp. 303-306). Terrassa, Spain: Society for Imaging Science and Technology. Download PDF. Download software for estimating Shannon information from colour images.
  • Foster, D.H., & Żychaluk, K. (2008). Is there a better non-parametric alternative to von Kries scaling? In: CGIV 2008 (pp. 41-44). Terrassa, Spain: Society for Imaging Science and Technology. Download PDF. Download modelfree software. Go to modelfree site.
  • Amano, K., & Foster, D.H. (2008). Effect of spatial uncertainty and familiarity on memory for surface colour in natural scenes and Mondrian patterns. In: CGIV 2008 (pp. 223-226). Terrassa, Spain: Society for Imaging Science and Technology. Download PDF.
  • Valero, E.M., Nieves, J.L., Nascimento, S.M.C., Amano, K., & Foster, D.H. (2007). Recovering spectral data from natural scenes with an RGB digital camera and colored filters. Color Research and Application, 32 (5), 352-360. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Amano, K., Nascimento, S.M.C., & Foster, M.J. (2007). Frequency of metamerism in natural scenes. Optics and Photonics News: Optics in 2007 - Research Highlights, 18 (12), 47. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Żychaluk, K. (2007). Nonparametric estimates of biological transducer functions. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 24 (4), 49-58. Download PDF. Download modelfree fitting software Go to modelfree site
  • Baraas, R.C., Carroll, J., Gunther, K.L., Chung, M.N., Williams, D.R., Foster, D.H., & Neitz, M. (2007). Adaptive optics retinal imaging reveals S-cone dystrophy in tritan color-vision deficiency. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision, 24 (5), 1438-1447. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Amano, K., Nascimento, S.M.C., & Foster, M.J. (2006). Frequency of metamerism in natural scenes. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 23 (10), 2359-2372. Download PDF.
  • Marín-Franch, I., & Foster, D.H. (2006). Estimating the information available from coloured surfaces in natural scenes. In: CGIV 2006 (pp. 44-47). Leeds, UK: The Society for Imaging Science and Technology, Springfield, VA. Download PDF. Download software for estimating Shannon information from colour images.
  • Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2006). Color constancy in natural scenes explained by global image statistics. Visual Neuroscience, 23 (3-4), 341-349. Download PDF.
  • Amano, K., Foster, D.H., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2006). Color constancy in natural scenes with and without an explicit illuminant cue. Visual Neuroscience, 23 (3-4), 351-356. Download PDF.
  • Baraas, R.C., Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2006). Anomalous trichromats' judgments of surface color in natural scenes under different daylights. Visual Neuroscience, 23 (3-4), 629-635. Download PDF.
  • Aldaba, M.A., Linhares, J.M.M., Pinto, P.D., Nascimento, S.M.C., Amano, K., & Foster, D.H. (2006). Visual sensitivity to color errors in images of natural scenes. Visual Neuroscience, 23 (3-4), 555-559. Download PDF.
  • Amano, K., Foster, D.H., and Nascimento, S.M.C. (2005). Minimalist surface-colour matching. Perception, 34, 1009-1013. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2005). Chromatic and achromatic information preserved in natural scenes under illuminant changes. 10th Congress of the International Colour Association (pp. 69-72). Granada, Spain. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Nascimento, S.M.C., & Amano, K. (2005). Information limits on identification of natural surfaces by apparent colour. Perception, 34, 1003-1008. Download PDF. Download software for estimating Shannon information from colour images.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., de Almeida, V.M.N., Fiadeiro, P.T., & Foster, D.H. (2005). Effect of scene complexity on colour constancy with real three-dimensional scenes and objects. Perception, 34 (7), 947-950. Download PDF.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., Foster, D.H., & Amano, K. (2005). Psychophysical estimates of the number of spectral-reflectance basis functions needed to reproduce natural scenes. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision, 22 (6), 1017-1022. Download PDF.
  • Oxtoby, E.K., & Foster, D.H. (2005). Perceptual limits on low-dimensional models of Munsell reflectance spectra. Perception, 34, 961-966. Download PDF.
  • Amano, K., & Foster, D.H. (2004). Colour constancy under simultaneous changes in surface position and illuminant. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, 271, 2319-2326. Download PDF.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., de Almeida, V.M.N., Fiadeiro, P.T., & Foster, D.H. (2004). Minimum-variance cone-excitation ratios and the limits of relational color constancy. Visual Neuroscience, 21, 337-340. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Nascimento, S.M.C., & Amano, K. (2004). Information limits on neural identification of colored surfaces in natural scenes. Visual Neuroscience, 21, 331-336. Download PDF.
  • Baraas, R.C., Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2004). Protanopic observers show nearly normal color constancy with natural reflectance spectra. Visual Neuroscience, 21, 347-351. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (2003). Does colour constancy exist? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (10), 439-443. Download MS PDF. Proof PDF.
  • Amano, K., Foster, D.H., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2003). Red-green colour deficiency and colour constancy under orthogonal-daylight changes. In: J.D. Mollon, J. Pokorny, & K. Knoblauch (Eds.), Normal and Defective Colour Vision (pp. 225-230). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2003). Tritanopic colour constancy under daylight changes? In: J.D. Mollon, J. Pokorny, & K. Knoblauch (Eds.), Normal & Defective Colour Vision (pp. 218-224). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (2002). Automatic repeated-loess decomposition of data consisting of sums of oscillatory curves. Statistics and Computing, 12, 339-351. Download PDF. and PDF erratum.
  • Foster, D.H., & Gilson, S.J. (2002). Recognizing novel three-dimensional objects by summing signals from parts and views. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 269, 1939-1947. Download PDF. [See Research Focus in TiCS: Hayward, W.G. (2003). After the viewpoint debate: where next in object recognition? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (10), 425-427.]
  • Foster, D.H., & Savage, C.J. (2002). Uniformity and asymmetry of rapid curved-line detection explained by parallel categorical coding of contour curvature. Vision Research, 42, 2163-2175. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Linnell, K.J., & Foster, D.H. (1997). Space-average scene colour used to extract illuminant information.  In: C. Dickinson, I. Murray, & D. Carden (Eds.), John Dalton's Colour Vision Legacy (pp. 501-509). London: Taylor & Francis. Download PDF.

  • Linnell, K.J., & Foster, D.H. (2002). Scene articulation: dependence of illuminant estimates on number of surfaces. Perception, 31, 151-159. Download PDF.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., Ferreira, F.P., & Foster, D.H. (2002). Statistics of spatial cone-excitation ratios in natural scenes. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision, 19, 1484-1490. Download PDF.
  • Doherty, L.M., & Foster, D.H. (2001). Reference frame for rapid visual processing of line orientation. Spatial Vision, 14 (2), 121-137. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (2001). Natural groups of transformations underlying apparent motion and perceived object shape and color. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 665-668. Download HTML (Netscape 7.0). Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2001a). How temporal cues can aid colour constancy. Color Research and Application, 26 (suppl.), S180-S185. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Amano, K., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (2001b). Colour constancy from temporal cues: better matches with less variability under fast illuminant changes. Vision Research, 41 (3), 285-293. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Nascimento, S.M.C., Amano, K., Arend, L., Linnell, K.J., Nieves, J.L., Plet, S., & Foster, J.S. (2001). Parallel detection of violations of color constancy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98 (14), 8151-8156. Download PDF from PNAS. Download PDF.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., & Foster, D.H. (2001). Detecting changes of spatial cone-excitation ratios in dichoptic viewing. Vision Research, 41, 2601-2606. Open Access PDF. Open Access Erratum. Download PDF. and PDF erratum.
  • Caruana, P.A., Davies, M.B., Weatherby, S.J.M., Williams, R., Haq, N., Foster, D.H., & Hawkins, C.P. (2000). Correlation of MRI lesions with visual psychophysical deficit in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain, 123, 1471-1480. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Savage, C.J., Mannan, S., & Ruddock, K.H. (2000). Asymmetries of saccadic eye movements in oriented-line-target search. Vision Research, 40 (1), 65-70. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., & Foster, D.H. (2000). Relational color constancy in achromatic and isoluminant images. Journal of the Optical Society of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision, 17 (2), 225-231. Download PDF.
  • Thomson, M.G.A., Foster, D.H., & Summers, R.J. (2000). Human sensitivity to phase perturbations in natural images: a statistical framework. Perception, 29 (9), 1057-1069. Download PDF.
  • Wagemans, J., Van Gool, L., Foster, D.H., & Lamote, C. (2000). Minimal information to determine affine shape equivalence. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance, 26, 443-468. Download PDF.
  • Doherty, L.M., & Foster, D.H. (1999). Limitations of rapid parallel processing in the detection of long and short oriented line targets. Spatial Vision, 12, 485-497. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Westland, S. (1998a). Multiple groups of orientation-selective visual mechanisms underlying rapid orientated-line detection. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 265, 1605-1613. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Westland, S. (1998b). Application of the repeated loess method to psychophysical analysis. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 42 (pp. 500-501).
  • Foster, D.H., & Bischof, W.F. (1997). Bootstrap estimates of the statistical accuracy of thresholds obtained from psychometric functions. Spatial Vision, 11, 135-139. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Nascimento, S.M.C., Craven, B.J., Linnell, K.J., Cornelissen, F.W., & Brenner, E. (1997). Four issues concerning colour constancy and relational colour constancy. Vision Research, 37, 1341-1345. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Nascimento, S.M.C., & Linnell, K.J. (1997). Colour constancy from colour relations in the normal and colour-deficient observer. In: C. Dickinson, Murray, I., Carden, D. (Ed.) John Dalton's Colour Vision Legacy (pp. 453-461). London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Linnell, K.J., & Foster, D.H. (1997). Space-average scene colour used to extract illuminant information. In: C. Dickinson, I. Murray, & D. Carden (Eds.), John Dalton's Colour Vision Legacy (pp. 501-509). London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., & Foster, D.H. (1997a). Detecting natural changes of cone-excitation ratios in simple and complex coloured images. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 264, 1395-1402. Download PDF.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., & Foster, D.H. (1997b). Dependence of colour constancy on the time-course of illuminant changes. In: C. Dickinson, Murray, I., Carden, D. (Ed.) John Dalton's Colour Vision Legacy (pp. 491-499). London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., Foster, D.H., & Mckee, P. (1997). Binary masks yielding Gaussian light distributions in Maxwellian view. Vision Research, 37, 2975-2979. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Thomson, M.G.A., & Foster, D.H. (1997). Role of second- and third-order statistics in the discriminability of natural images. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 14, 2081-2090. Download PDF.
  • Kukkonen, H.T., Foster, D.H., Wood, J.R., Wagemans, J., & Van Gool, L. (1996). Qualitative cues in the discrimination of affine-transformed minimal patterns. Perception, 25, 195-206. Download PDF.
  • Linnell, K.J., & Foster, D.H. (1996). Dependence of relational colour constancy on the extraction of a transient signal. Perception, 25, 221-228. Download PDF.
  • Nascimento, S.M.C., & Foster, D.H. (1996). Invariant signals from coloured scenes under illuminant transformations. RECPAD'96 8th Portuguese Conference on Pattern Recognition (pp. 359-365). Guimarães, Portugal: APRP, Portuguese Association for Pattern Recognition.
  • Foster, D.H., & Linnell, K.J. (1995). Evidence for relational colour constancy in red-green colour-deficient human observers. Journal of Physiology, 485.P, 23P-24P.
  • Foster, D.H., & Westland, S. (1995). Orientation contrast vs orientation in line-target detection. Vision Research, 35, 733-738. Open Access PDF. Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Fisher, C., Heath, P., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1995). Comparison of colour discrimination and electroretinography in evaluation of visual pathway dysfunction in aretinopathic IDDM patients. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 79, 35-37. Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Scarpello, J.H.B., & Foster, D.H. (1995). Relation between blood glucose changes over 3 months and colour discrimination in insulin dependent diabetic patients without retinopathy. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 79 (p. 300). Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Scase, M.O., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1995). Effect of short term changes in blood glucose in visual pathway function in insulin dependent diabetes. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 79, 38-41. Download PDF.
  • Schofield, A.J., & Foster, D.H. (1995). Artificial neural networks simulating visual texture segmentation and target detection in line-element images. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 350 (1334), 401-412. Download PDF.
  • Westland, S., & Foster, D.H. (1995). Optimized model of oriented-line-target detection using vertical and horizontal filters. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 12, 1617-1622. Download PDF.
  • Ferraro, M., & Foster, D.H. (1994). Elements of a fuzzy geometry for visual space. In: Y.-L. O, Toet, A., Foster, D., Heijmans, H. J. A. M., Meer, P. (Ed.) Shape in Picture. Mathematical Description of Shape in Grey-level Images (pp. 333-342). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1994). Classical and fuzzy differential methods in shape analysis. In: Y.-L. O, Toet, A., Foster, D., Heijmans, H. J. A. M., Meer, P. (Ed.) Shape in Picture. Mathematical Description of Shape in Grey-level Images (pp. 319-332). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Nascimento, S.M.C. (1994). Relational colour constancy from invariant cone-excitation ratios. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 257, 115-121. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Simmons, D.R. (1994). Viewpoint-invariance of contour-curvature discrimination over extended performance levels. Spatial Vision, 8 (1), 45-55. Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Craven, B., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1994). Extent and duration of practice effects on performance with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 14, 306-309. Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Scarpello, J.H.B., Foster, D.H., & Moreland, J.D. (1994). Effect of diabetes associated increases in lens optical density on colour discrimination in insulin dependent diabetes. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 78, 754-756. Download PDF.
  • O, Y.-L., Toet, A., Foster, D.H., Heijmans, H.J.A.M., & Meer, P. (1994). Shape in Picture. Mathematical Description of Shape in Grey-level Images. (Berlin: Springer-Verlag).
  • Phillips, M.L., Foster, D.H., Honan, W.P., Edgar, G.K., & Heron, J.R. (1994). Optic neuritis. Differential losses of luminance and chromatic function near a scotoma. Brain, 117, 767-773. Download PDF.
  • Wagemans, J., De Troy, A., Van Gool, L., Wood, J.R., & Foster, D.H. (1994). Affine shape equivalence. In: F. Dillen, Van de Woestijne, I., Verstraelen, L. (Ed.) Geometry and Topology of Submanifolds VI (pp. 307-314). Singapore: World Scientific.
  • Ferraro, M., & Foster, D.H. (1993). C1 fuzzy manifolds. International Journal for Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 54, 99-106. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Simmons, D.R., & Cook, M.J. (1993). The cue for contour-curvature discrimination. Vision Research, 33, 329-341. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Wagemans, J. (1993). Viewpoint-invariant Weber fractions and standard contour-curvature discrimination. Biological Cybernetics, 70 (1), 29-36. Download PDF.
  • Honan, W.P., Heron, J.R., Foster, D.H., Edgar, G.K., & Scase, M.O. (1993). Abnormalities of visual function in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 114, 188-192. Download PDF.
  • Craven, B.J., & Foster, D.H. (1992). An operational approach to colour constancy. Vision Research, 32, 1359-1366. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Craven, B.J., & Sale, E.R.H. (1992). Immediate colour constancy. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 12, 157-160. Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Lipton, J., Scase, M.O., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1992). Detection of colour vision abnormalities in uncomplicated type 1 diabetic patients with angiographically normal retinas. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 76, 461-464. Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Lipton, J.R., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1992). Failure of many ophthalmologists to use lasers safely. Quality in Health Care, 1, 168-170. Download PDF.
  • Simmons, D.R., & Foster, D.H. (1992). Segmenting textures of curved-line elements. In: G.A. Orban, & H.-H. Nagel (Eds.), Artificial and Biological Vision Systems (pp. 324-349). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Download PDF.
  • Ferraro, M., & Foster, D.H. (1991). Almost equivalence of combinatorial and distance processes for discrimination in multielement images. Biological Cybernetics, 64, 315-319. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1991a). Fine-grain motion perception: spatial and temporal limits and local interactions. In: . Channels in the Visual Nervous System: Neurophysiology Psychophysics and Models,, pp.
  • Foster, D.H. (1991b). Inherited and Acquired Colour Vision Deficiencies: Fundamental Aspects and Clinical Studies. Vision and Visual Dysfunction (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press.
  • Foster, D.H. (1991c). Operating on spatial relations. In: R.J. Watt (Ed.) Pattern Recognition by Man and Machine (pp. 50-68). Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Bischof, W.F. (1991). Thresholds from psychometric functions: superiority of bootstrap to incremental and probit variance estimators. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 152-159. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Ward, P.A. (1991a). Asymmetries in oriented-line detection indicate two orthogonal filters in early vision. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 243, 75-81. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Ward, P.A. (1991b). Horizontal-vertical filters in early vision predict anomalous line-orientation identification frequencies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 243, 83-86. Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Lipton, J., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1991a). Does laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy cause permanent abnormalities of colour vision in ophthalmologists? Diabetic Medicine, 8 (p. 42A).
  • Hardy, K.J., Lipton, J.R., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1991b). Laser safety and ophthalmologists. The Lancet, 338 (p. 1338).
  • Hardy, K.J., Scase, M.O., Lipton, J., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1991). Colour vision tests in diabetics without retinopathy. Diabetes, 40 (p. 332A).
  • Hardy, K.J., Lipton, J., Scase, M.O., Scarpello, J.H.B., & Foster, D.H. (1991). Diabetes and retinal function. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 75 (p. 191). Download PDF.
  • Scase, M.O., Foster, D.H., Honan, W.P., & Heron, J.R. (1991). A case of unilateral blue colour vision loss. In: B. Drum, Moreland, J. D. and Serra, A. (Ed.) Colour Vision Deficiencies X (pp. 441-450). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Edgar, G.K., Foster, D.H., Honan, W.P., Heron, J.R., & Snelgar, R.S. (1990). Optic neuritis: variations in temporal modulation sensitivity with retinal eccentricity. Brain, 113, 487-496. Download PDF.
  • Hardy, K.J., Lipton, J., Scase, M.O., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1990a). Colour vision abnormalities in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with little or no retinopathy. Diabetologia, 33 (p. A88).
  • Hardy, K.J., Lipton, J., Scase, M.O., Foster, D.H., & Scarpello, J.H.B.S. (1990b). Young people with insulin-dependent diabetes and angiographically normal retinae have marked abnormalities of colour vision. Diabetic Medicine, 7 (p. 2A).
  • Honan, W.P., Heron, J.R., Foster, D.H., Edgar, G.K., Scase, M.O., & Collins, M.F. (1990). Visual loss in multiple sclerosis and its relation to previous optic neuritis, disease duration and clinical classification. Brain, 113, 975-987. Download PDF.
  • Scase, M.O., Foster, D.H., Honan, W.P., Heron, J.R., Gulliford, M.C., & Scarpello, J.H.B. (1990). Abnormalities in hue discrimination revealed with very brief stimuli in diabetes mellitus and in optic neuritis. Clinical Vision Sciences, 6, 49-57. Download PDF.
  • Edgar, G.K., Foster, D.H., Honan, W.P., Heron, J.R., & Snelgar, R.S. (1989). Impaired temporal modulation sensitivity at localized retinal sites in demyelinating disease. In: J.J. Kulikowski, Dickinson, C. M. , Murray, I. J. (Ed.) Seeing Contour and Colour (pp. 410-417). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Foster, D.H., & Ferraro, M. (1989a). Discrete labelling processes for discrimination of multi-element images in human vision. In: J.C. Simon (Ed.) From Pixels to Features (pp. 315-322). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • Foster, D.H., & Ferraro, M. (1989b). Visual gap and offset discrimination and its relation to categorical identification in brief line-element displays. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance, 15, 771-784. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Gravano, S., & Tomoszek, A. (1989). Acuity for fine-grain motion and for two-dot spacing as a function of retinal eccentricity: differences in specialization of the central and peripheral retina. Vision Research, 29, 1017-1031. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Snelgar, R.S., Scase, M.O., Heron, J.R., & Honan, W.P. (1989). Normal and abnormal opponent-colour function revealed in test spectral sensitivities. In: J.J. Kulikowski, Dickinson, C. M. , and Murray, I. J. (Ed.) Seeing Contour and Colour (pp. 361-372). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Scase, M.O., & Foster, D.H. (1988). Anomalous loss in blue-green wavelength discrimination with very brief monochromatic stimuli presented to the normal human eye. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 8, 193-197. Download PDF.
  • Ferraro, M., & Foster, D.H. (1987). Differentiation of fuzzy continuous mappings on fuzzy topological vector spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 121, 589-601. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Bischof, W.F. (1987). Bootstrap variance estimators for the parameters of small-sample sensory-performance functions. Biological Cybernetics, 57, 341-347. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Snelgar, R.S., Scase, M.O., Heron, J.R., & Honan, W.P. (1987). Normal and abnormal opponent-colour function revealed in test spectral sensitivities. IBRO Symposium: Seeing Contour and Colour (p. F1).
  • Honan, W.P., Heron, J.R., Foster, D.H., & Snelgar, R.S. (1987). Paradoxical effects of temperature in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 50, 1160-1164. Download PDF.
  • Snelgar, R.S., Foster, D.H., & Scase, M.O. (1987). Isolation of opponent-colour mechanisms at increment threshold. Vision Research, 27, 1017-1027. Download PDF.
  • Edgar, G.K., Foster, D.H., & Heron, J.R. (1986). Dimming of flickering lights in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Physiology, 382, 84P.
  • Ferraro, M., & Foster, D.H. (1986). Discrete and continuous modes of curved-line discrimination controlled by effective stimulus duration. Spatial Vision, 1, 219-230. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1986b). Psychophysical loss in optic neuritis: luminance and colour aspects. In: R.F. Hess, & G.T. Plant (Eds.), Optic Neuritis (pp. 152-191). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Foster, D.H. (1986c). Estimating the variance of a critical stimulus level from sensory performance data. Biological Cybernetics, 53, 189-194. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Heron, J.R., Jones, R.E., Snelgar, R.S., Mason, R.J., & Honan, W.P. (1986). Abnormalities in luminance threshold, chromatic and luminance flicker fusion, and other temporal measures in multiple sclerosis. Clinical Vision Sciences, 1, 64-73. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Scase, M.O., & Snelgar, R.S. (1986). Functional isolation of normal human opponent-colour processes at increment threshold. Journal of Physiology, 377, 44P.
  • Foster, D.H., Scase, M.O., & Taylor, S.P. (1986). Anomalous loss in blue-green hue discrimination in very brief monochromatic stimuli presented to the normal human eye. Journal of Physiology, 381, 64P.
  • Kahn, J.I., & Foster, D.H. (1986). Horizontal-vertical structure in the visual comparison of rigidly transformed patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance, 12, 422-433. Download PDF.
  • Bischof, W.F., Foster, D.H., & Kahn, J.I. (1985). Selective internal operations in the recognition of locally and globally point-inverted patterns. Spatial Vision, 1, 179-196. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1985). Visual Pattern Recognition. In: D.F. Andrews, & A. M. Herzberg (Eds) Data: A Collection of Problems from Many Fields for the Student and Research Worker (pp. 275-283). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Foster, D.H., & Dodwell, P.C. (1985). Editorial Spatial Vision, 1, 1-2.
  • Foster, D.H., & Kahn, J.I. (1985). Internal representations and operations in the visual comparison of transformed patterns: effects of pattern point-inversion, positional symmetry, and separation. Biological Cybernetics, 51, 305-312. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Snelgar, R.S., & Heron, J.R. (1985). Nonselective losses in foveal chromatic and luminance sensitivity in multiple sclerosis. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 26, 1431-1441. Download PDF.
  • Snelgar, R.S., Foster, D.H., Heron, J.R., Jones, R.E., & Mason, R.J. (1985). Multiple sclerosis: abnormalities in luminance, chromatic, and temporal function at multiple retinal sites. Documenta Ophthalmologica, 60, 79-92. Download PDF.
  • Ferraro, M., & Foster, D.H. (1984). Characterization of discrete and continuous modes of visual pattern discrimination. Biological Cybernetics, 50, 9-13. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1984a). Colour vision. Contemporary Physics, 5, 477-497. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1984b). Local and global computational factors in visual pattern recognition. In: D.P. C., & T.M. Caelli (Eds.), Figural Synthesis (pp. 83-115). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Mason, R.J., Foster, D.H., & Ferraro, M. (1984). Factors influencing optimal configurations of complex visual displays. In: Proceedings of a NATO Workshop on Colour Coded vs Monochrome Electronic Displays (pp. 32.31-32.38): RAE(HMSO).
  • Foster, D.H. (1983a). Experimental test of a network theory of vision. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 664-665.
  • Foster, D.H. (1983b). Visual discrimination, categorical identification, and categorical rating in brief displays of curved lines: implications for discrete encoding processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance, 9, 785-806. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Snelgar, R.S. (1983a). Initial analysis of opponent-colour interactions revealed in sharpened field spectral sensitivities. In: Colour Vision: Physiology and Psychophysics (pp. 303-311). London: Academic Press. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Snelgar, R.S. (1983b). Test and field spectral sensitivities of colour mechanisms obtained on small white backgrounds: action of unitary opponent-colour processes? Vision Research, 23, 787-797. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Snelgar, R.S., & Heron, J.R. (1983). Abnormal chromatic and luminance sensitivity in multiple sclerosis. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 56, 16P.
  • Jones, R.E., Heron, J.R., Foster, D.H., Snelgar, R.S., & Mason, R.J. (1983). Effects of 4-aminopyridine in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 60, 353-362. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1982a). Analysis of discrete internal representations of visual pattern stimuli. In: J. Beck (Ed.) Organization and Representation in Perception (pp. 319-341). Hillsdale, N. J.: LEA.
  • Foster, D.H. (1982b). The dependence of observer characteristics upon image complexity. In: Electronic Image Processing, IEE Conference Proceedings No. 214 (pp. 22-25). London: Institution of Electrical Engineers.
  • Foster, D.H., & Gravano, S. (1982). Overshoot of curvature in visual apparent motion. Perception & Psychophysics, 31, 411-420. Download PDF.
  • Mason, R.J., Snelgar, R.S., Foster, D.H., Heron, J.R., & Jones, R.E. (1982). Abnormalities of chromatic and luminance critical flicker frequency in multiple sclerosis. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 23, 246-252. Download PDF.
  • Patterson, V.H., Foster, D.H., & Heron, J.R. (1982). Rod- and cone-mediated visual function in multiple sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 57, 385-393. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1981). Changes in field spectral sensitivities of red-, green- and blue-sensitive colour mechanisms obtained on small background fields. Vision Research, 21, 1433-1455. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., Thorson, J., McIlwain, J.T., & Biederman-Thorson, M. (1981). The fine-grain movement illusion: a perceptual probe of neuronal connectivity in the human visual system. Vision Research, 21, 1123-1128. Download PDF.
  • Kahn, J.I., & Foster, D.H. (1981). Visual comparison of rotated and reflected random-dot patterns as a function of their positional symmetry and separation in the field. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 33A, 155-166. Download PDF.
  • Patterson, V.H., Foster, D.H., Heron, J.R., & Mason, R.J. (1981). Multiple sclerosis. Luminance threshold and measurements of temporal characteristics of vision. Archives of Neurology, 38, 687-689. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1980a). Opponency of red- and green-sensitive cone mechanisms in field spectral sensitivity measurements. Journal of Physiology, 298, 21P.
  • Foster, D.H. (1980b). A description of discrete internal representation schemes for visual pattern discrimination. Biological Cybernetics, 38, 151-157. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1980c). A spatial perturbation technique for the investigation of discrete internal representations of visual patterns. Biological Cybernetics, 38, 159-169. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Mason, R.J. (1980). Irrelevance of local position information in visual adaptation to random arrays of small geometric elements. Perception, 9, 217-221. Download PDF.
  • Patterson, V.H., Foster, D.H., & Heron, J.R. (1980). Variability of visual threshold in multiple sclerosis. Effect of background luminance on frequency of seeing. Brain, 103, 139-147. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1979a). Effect of a small blue adapting field on the spectral sensitivity of the red-sensitive colour mechanism of the human eye. Optica Acta, 26, 293-296. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1979b). Interactions between blue- and red-sensitive colour mechanisms in metacontrast masking. Vision Research, 19, 921-931. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1979c). Fuzzy topological groups. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 67, 549-564. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1979d). Discrete internal pattern representations and visual detection of small changes in pattern shape. Perception and Psychophysics, 26, 459-468.
  • Foster, D.H., & Mason, R.J. (1979). Transformation and relational-structure schemes for visual pattern recognition. Biological Cybernetics, 32, 85-93. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1978a). Action of red-sensitive colour mechanism on blue-sensitive colour mechanism in visual masking. Optica Acta, 25, 1001-1004. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1978b). Visual apparent motion and the calculus of variations. In: E.L.J. Leeuwenberg, & H.F.J.M. Buffart (Eds.), Formal Theories of Visual Perception (pp. 67-82). Chichester: Wiley. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1978c). Visual comparison of random-dot patterns: evidence concerning a fixed visual association between features and feature-relations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 30, 637-654.
  • Foster, D.H. (1977a). Visual pattern recognition by assignment of invariant features and feature-relations. Optica Acta, 24, 147-157.
  • Foster, D.H. (1977b). Rod- and cone-mediated interactions in the fine-grain movement illusion. Vision Research, 17, 123-127. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Mason, R.J. (1977). Interaction between rod and cone systems in dichoptic visual masking. Neuroscience Letters, 4, 39-42. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1976). Rod-cone interaction in the after-flash effect. Vision Research, 16, 393-396. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1975a). Visual apparent motion and some preferred paths in the rotation group SO(3). Biological Cybernetics, 18, 81-89. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1975b). An approach to the analysis of the underlying structure of visual space using a generalized notion of visual pattern recognition. Biological Cybernetics, 17, 77-79. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1974). Visual pattern recognition and the structure of visual space: two indirect methods of analysis. In:. Proceedings of the JUREMA 1974 Part 1,
  • Foster, D.H., & Idris, I.I.M. (1974). Spatio-temporal interaction between visual colour mechanisms Vision Research, 14, 35-39. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1973a). A note on whether a non-linearity precedes the de Lange filter in the human visual system. Optica Acta, 20, 325-328. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1973b). A hypothesis connecting visual pattern recognition and apparent motion. Kybernetik, 13, 151-154.
  • Foster, D.H. (1973c). An experimental examination of a hypothesis connecting visual pattern recognition and apparent motion. Kybernetik, 14, 63-70.
  • Foster, D.H. (1972a). A method for the investigation of those transformations under which the visual recognition of a given object is invariant. I. The theory. Kybernetik, 11, 217-222.
  • Foster, D.H. (1972b). A method for the investigation of those transformations under which the visual recognition of a given object is invariant. II. An example experiment: the group of rotations SO(2) acting on a Landolt ring. Kybernetik, 11, 223-229.
  • Foster, D.H. (1971a). The response of the human visual system to moving spatially periodic patterns: further analysis. Vision Research, 11, 57-81. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1971b). Some theoretical aspects of an apparent motion phenomenon associated with certain configurations of flashing lights. In: The Perception and Application of Flashing Lights (pp. 217-224.). London: Hilger.  Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1971c). A model of the human visual system in its response to certain classes of moving stimuli. Kybernetik, 8, 69-84. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H. (1969). The response of the human visual system to moving spatially periodic patterns. Vision Research, 9, 577-590. Download PDF.
  • Foster, D.H., & Ruddock, K.H. (1969). The influence of colour vision mechanism on motion perception. Color 69: Proceedings of the 1st AIC Congress, 1 (pp. 197-205). Stockholm: Muster-Schmidt - Göttingen.
  • Foster, D.H. (1968). The perception of moving, spatially periodic, intensity distributions. Optica Acta, 15, 625-626. Download PDF.

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    (c) D. H. Foster, 2025

    d.h.foster@manchester.ac.uk | | www.eee.manchester.ac.uk/d.h.foster 
    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK