/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Zenas Yiu — personal website.
   Editorial monochrome typographic system.
   Triple-stack typography (display serif + reading serif + mono).
   References: Swiss Modernism 2.0 grid, Minimalist Monochrome Editorial
   typography, Architecture/Interior palette (white + warm gold).
   Updated 2026-04-28.
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

:root {
  --bg:        #ffffff;
  --bg-soft:   #fafaf8;
  --rule:      #1a1a1a;
  --rule-soft: #d9d9d4;
  --rule-fine: #ececea;
  --ink:       #0a0a0a;
  --ink-soft:  #2c2c2c;
  --muted:     #6b6b66;
  /* University of Manchester palette — Pantone 2602 / 123 / Cool Grey 8 */
  --accent:      #660099;     /* Manchester purple (primary) */
  --accent-deep: #4a006e;
  --accent-warm: #FFCC33;     /* Manchester gold (secondary) */
  --uom-grey:    #999999;

  --display: "Playfair Display", "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --serif:   "Source Serif 4", "Source Serif Pro", "Iowan Old Style",
             Charter, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --mono:    "JetBrains Mono", ui-monospace, "SF Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  font-size: 17px;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
  font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "onum";
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

::selection {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--bg);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Layout — sticky left rail + main column
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

.layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  max-width: 1240px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2rem 1.5rem 4rem;
}

@media (min-width: 880px) {
  .layout {
    grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr;
    gap: 5rem;
    padding: 4rem 3rem 5rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1180px) {
  .layout {
    grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr;
    gap: 8rem;
    padding: 5rem 4rem 6rem;
  }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Left rail
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

.rail {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.4rem;
}

@media (min-width: 880px) {
  .rail {
    position: sticky;
    top: 4rem;
    align-self: start;
    height: fit-content;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 6rem);
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
  }
  .rail::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 0; }
}

.rail__photo {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 240px;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 0;
  display: block;
}

.rail__name {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1;
  margin: 0.4rem 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.rail__role {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 30ch;
}

.rail__nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.rail__nav a {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-fine);
  transition: color 0.18s ease, padding-left 0.18s ease;
  position: relative;
}

.rail__nav a::before {
  content: attr(data-num);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  margin-right: 0.85rem;
  position: relative;
  top: -0.1em;
}

.rail__nav a span {
  flex: 1;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.rail__nav a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  padding-left: 0.25rem;
}

.rail__nav a:hover::before {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.rail__nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.rail__nav a[aria-current="page"]::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -1rem;
  top: 50%;
  width: 6px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
}

.rail__contact {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.rail__contact a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  padding-bottom: 1px;
  width: fit-content;
  transition: color 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
}

.rail__contact a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Main content
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

.content {
  max-width: 720px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.section {
  padding: 0 0 4rem;
  position: relative;
}

.section + .section {
  padding-top: 3.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-fine);
}

.section__num {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
}

.section__num::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 50%;
  width: 0.55rem;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Typography
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

h1 {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 6vw, 4.2rem);
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
}

h1 em {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-style: italic;
}

h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 1.55rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  color: var(--ink);
}

h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  color: var(--ink);
}

p {
  margin: 0 0 1.05rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  max-width: 65ch;
}

p.lead {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.8vw, 1.32rem);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 400;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  max-width: 38ch;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

a {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  transition: color 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 1px;
}

ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  padding: 0;
}

ul li {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.7rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-fine);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  position: relative;
}

ul li:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
ul li:last-child  { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }

.muted { color: var(--muted); }
.small { font-size: 0.9rem; }

em.brand {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Two-column key/value list (Elsewhere)
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

.kv {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 9rem 1fr;
  column-gap: 1.5rem;
  row-gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.kv li {
  display: contents;
}

.kv .label,
.kv .val {
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-fine);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  align-self: baseline;
}

.kv .label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 500;
  padding-top: 0.95rem;
}

.kv .val a {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom-color: var(--rule-soft);
  font-family: var(--serif);
}

.kv .val a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .kv { grid-template-columns: 1fr; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
  .kv .label { padding: 0.85rem 0 0.1rem; border-bottom: 0; }
  .kv .val   { padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0.85rem; }
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Project list
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

.project {
  padding: 1.6rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-fine);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.project:last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.project:first-child { padding-top: 0; }

.project__meta {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.project p { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }

.project__links {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.project__links a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  border-bottom-color: var(--rule-soft);
  margin-right: 1.1rem;
}

.project__links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Publications (PubMed feed)
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

#pubs-status {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: 1.1rem 0;
}

.pub-controls {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.pub-controls input[type="search"] {
  flex: 1 1 220px;
  font: inherit;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  padding: 0.55rem 0;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.pub-controls input[type="search"]::placeholder {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-style: italic;
}

.pub-controls input[type="search"]:focus {
  outline: 0;
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

.pub-controls .count {
  align-self: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pub {
  padding: 1.3rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-fine);
}

.pub:first-child { padding-top: 0.5rem; }
.pub:last-child  { border-bottom: 0; }

.pub__title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.32;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

.pub__title a {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

.pub__title a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

.pub__meta {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
}

.pub__meta a {
  font-style: normal;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  border-bottom-color: var(--rule-soft);
  margin-left: 0.4rem;
}

.pub__meta a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

.pub__authors {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0;
}

.pub__authors strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Activity feed
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

.activity {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 1.6rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-fine);
}

.activity:first-child { padding-top: 0.5rem; }
.activity:last-child  { border-bottom: 0; }

@media (min-width: 720px) {
  .activity {
    grid-template-columns: 7rem 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: baseline;
  }
}

.activity__date {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.activity__body { min-width: 0; }

.activity__title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 0 0 0.3rem;
  line-height: 1.32;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

.activity__title a {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

.activity__title a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

.activity__body p {
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.activity__source {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
}

.activity__source a {
  color: var(--muted);
  border-bottom-color: var(--rule-soft);
}

.activity__source a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

.activity__year {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 3rem 0 0.5rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.activity__year:first-child { margin-top: 0; }

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Colophon (footer in main column)
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

.colophon {
  margin-top: 4rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-fine);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------
   Print
--------------------------------------------------------------- */

@media print {
  .rail__nav, .pub-controls, .rail__contact { display: none; }
  body { background: #fff; color: #000; }
  .layout { display: block; padding: 1cm; }
  a { color: #000; border-bottom: none; }
  .rail__photo { filter: grayscale(100%); max-width: 120px; }
}