European Seasonal Temperature Reconstructions ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: European Seasonal Temperature Reconstructions LAST UPDATE: 6/2006 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Juerg Luterbacher, University of Bern IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2006-060 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Luterbacher, J., et al. 2006. European Seasonal Temperature Reconstructions. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-060. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Xoplaki, E., J. Luterbacher, H. Paeth, D. Dietrich, N. Steiner, M. Grosjean, and H. Wanner. 2005. European spring and autumn temperature variability and change of extremes over the last half millennium. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15713. Luterbacher, J., D. Dietrich, E. Xoplaki, M. Grosjean, and H. Wanner. 2004. European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends and extremes since 1500. Science, 303, 1499-1503. ABSTRACT (Xoplaki et al. 2005): We evaluate variability, trends, uncertainties, and change of extremes of reconstructed and observed European spring and autumn temperature back to 1500. Spring and autumn temperature experienced systematic century-scale cooling compared to present conditions. The coldest springs appeared during the Maunder Minimum (DT = -1 K wrt 1901–2000). The amplitude of spring temperature variations at decadal and multidecadal scales doubles that of autumn and is most expressed in northeastern Europe. The decade 1995–2004 was very likely the warmest of the last half millennium. Anomalously warm springs and autumns have generally become more extreme in recent decades. However, the recent changes are statistically not significant with respect to the pre-industrial period. ABSTRACT (Luterbacher et al. 2004): Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature fields for Europe back to 1500 show that the late 20th- and early 21st-century European climate is very likely (>95% confidence level) warmer than that of any time during the past 500 years. This agrees with findings for the entire Northern Hemisphere. European winter average temperatures during the period 1500 to 1900 were reduced by ~0.5°C (0.25°C for annual mean temperatures) compared to the 20th century. Summer temperatures did not experience systematic century-scale cooling relative to present conditions. The coldest European winter was 1708/1709; 2003 was by far the hottest summer. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES FOR INSTRUMENTAL DATA: Mitchell, T., and P.D. Jones. 2005. An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 693–712. Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, M. Sato, M. Imhoff, W. Lawrence, D. Easterling, T. Peterson, and T. Karl. 2001. A closer look at United States and global surface temperature change. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23,947– 23,963. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Europe PERIOD OF RECORD: 1500–2004 AD DESCRIPTION: Seasonal averaged European land (25W-40E; 35N-70N) absolute surface air temperature 1500-2004. Data from 1500-1900 are reconstructions. Reference for Winter and Summer data: Luterbacher et al. 2004 Reference for Spring and Autumn data: Xoplaki et al. 2005 References for Annual data: Xoplaki et al. 2005 and Luterbacher et al. 2004 Data from 1901-2002 are taken from: Mitchell and Jones 2005 Data from 2003-2004 stem from: Hansen et al. 2001 Note that the winter and summer reconstructed values are slightly different from Luterbacher et al. (2004) for earlier centuries because the reconstructions have been redone (i) fitting to Mitchell and Jones (2005) observational data rather than New et al. (2000), (ii) using only instrumental temperature series and temperature-sensitive documentary and natural proxies, and (iii) including a few more instrumental series compared to Luterbacher et al. (2004). The files in the /europe-seasonal-files directory located with this readme file contain seasonal data for a given year. They are named with the year and then a two-letter code to indicate the season. su = summer au = autumn wi = winter sp = spring The first row of data in the files is the northernmost row(70N) with data values going from West to East in each row. The rows then proceed from North to South. DATA: Column 1: Year AD Column 2: Winter (December-January-February) averaged absolute surface air temperature, °C Column 3: Spring (March-April-May) averaged absolute surface air temperature, °C Column 4: Summer (June-July-August) averaged absolute surface air temperature, °C Column 5: Autumn (September-October-November) averaged absolute surface air temperature, °C Column 6: Annual averaged absolute surface air temperature, °C Year DJF MAM JJA SON Annual 1500 -0.945 7.157 17.483 8.990 8.166 1501 -0.850 7.435 17.401 8.687 8.163 1502 -1.053 6.872 17.906 9.071 8.194 1503 -2.134 7.210 18.331 8.922 8.077 1504 -1.881 7.254 18.223 9.075 8.163 1505 0.048 7.323 17.341 9.286 8.494 1506 0.064 7.116 17.572 8.958 8.422 1507 0.612 6.229 17.510 9.071 8.350 1508 -2.099 6.818 17.310 9.178 7.797 1509 -1.446 7.323 17.856 9.071 8.196 1510 -0.404 6.985 17.514 8.842 8.229 1511 -2.305 7.210 17.070 9.071 7.756 1512 -2.158 7.142 17.577 9.382 7.981 1513 -1.023 7.043 17.510 8.365 7.969 1514 -2.945 6.910 17.567 8.800 7.578 1515 0.163 6.654 17.031 8.922 8.187 1516 0.184 7.474 18.078 9.390 8.776 1517 -3.520 7.326 17.564 8.842 7.548 1518 -1.148 7.185 17.394 8.763 8.043 1519 -0.507 7.474 17.585 8.963 8.374 1520 0.030 6.552 17.620 8.856 8.259 1521 0.528 7.652 17.744 9.286 8.797 1522 -1.223 7.210 17.567 8.958 8.123 1523 0.020 7.503 17.483 9.070 8.514 1524 0.101 7.097 17.567 9.071 8.454 1525 -1.483 6.663 17.824 9.467 8.113 1526 -1.188 7.500 17.458 9.183 8.233 1527 0.025 6.886 17.310 8.743 8.236 1528 -0.482 7.210 17.451 9.178 8.334 1529 -0.668 7.105 16.814 8.789 8.005 1530 0.934 7.320 17.662 9.243 8.785 1531 0.004 6.537 17.607 9.717 8.461 1532 -0.558 7.431 17.947 9.024 8.456 1533 -1.288 7.323 17.398 9.075 8.122 1534 -2.391 7.551 18.420 9.070 8.157 1535 -1.585 6.818 17.841 9.071 8.031 1536 -2.035 7.459 18.682 9.712 8.449 1537 -1.003 6.936 17.325 9.541 8.195 1538 0.540 6.788 18.019 9.229 8.639 1539 -0.384 7.264 17.748 8.591 8.300 1540 -0.368 8.190 18.678 9.910 9.097 1541 -1.772 7.329 17.283 8.689 7.877 1542 -0.443 6.434 16.657 9.127 7.939 1543 -2.146 6.644 17.295 9.462 7.809 1544 -2.619 6.800 17.401 8.905 7.617 1545 -0.398 7.364 18.101 9.523 8.642 1546 -2.577 6.856 17.724 9.071 7.763 1547 -1.086 7.210 17.684 9.071 8.215 1548 -1.789 7.090 17.907 9.178 8.091 1549 -0.866 8.050 17.725 9.018 8.477 1550 -0.735 6.821 17.441 8.635 8.035 1551 -1.503 7.233 17.735 8.508 7.988 1552 0.387 7.432 17.554 9.228 8.645 1553 -0.312 6.750 17.614 9.678 8.427 1554 -2.738 7.489 17.663 9.075 7.867 1555 -0.717 7.320 16.984 8.908 8.119 1556 0.125 7.635 18.414 8.911 8.766 1557 -2.888 7.021 17.814 9.608 7.884 1558 -0.722 7.770 17.783 9.234 8.511 1559 -1.085 7.412 18.223 9.015 8.386 1560 -0.356 7.306 17.059 8.803 8.198 1561 -3.178 6.896 17.828 9.341 7.717 1562 0.492 7.431 17.607 9.520 8.757 1563 -2.102 6.985 17.160 8.958 7.745 1564 -1.174 7.196 17.585 9.081 8.167 1565 -3.183 6.116 17.788 8.513 7.303 1566 -0.533 7.124 17.663 9.004 8.309 1567 -0.784 7.164 18.069 9.308 8.434 1568 -0.373 6.794 17.691 8.580 8.168 1569 -3.470 6.625 16.956 8.752 7.211 1570 -0.225 6.941 17.232 8.848 8.194 1571 -1.848 7.548 17.275 9.238 8.048 1572 -1.389 7.210 17.715 8.743 8.065 1573 -4.097 6.518 17.059 8.627 7.022 1574 -1.180 7.213 17.672 9.377 8.265 1575 -1.054 6.842 18.114 8.916 8.199 1576 -0.673 7.157 17.397 8.695 8.139 1577 -0.225 7.043 17.376 9.071 8.311 1578 -1.011 6.846 17.756 9.218 8.197 1579 -0.346 7.391 16.677 8.365 8.017 1580 -0.777 6.979 17.935 9.242 8.340 1581 -1.125 7.215 17.680 9.183 8.233 1582 -0.694 7.105 17.451 8.963 8.201 1583 -0.755 7.539 17.995 9.262 8.505 1584 -0.262 7.207 17.440 9.234 8.400 1585 0.238 8.123 16.863 8.876 8.520 1586 -2.625 6.694 17.742 9.081 7.718 1587 -2.495 6.367 16.954 8.474 7.320 1588 -0.667 7.168 16.799 9.018 8.074 1589 -1.726 7.310 17.478 9.240 8.070 1590 -1.900 6.925 18.520 9.564 8.272 1591 -1.558 7.349 17.344 9.336 8.113 1592 -0.459 6.934 17.258 8.950 8.166 1593 -1.982 6.800 16.985 8.688 7.618 1594 -0.375 6.693 17.089 8.627 8.003 1595 -3.614 6.529 17.200 9.051 7.286 1596 -0.091 7.790 16.886 9.449 8.503 1597 0.485 6.321 16.823 7.652 7.815 1598 -1.704 6.816 17.189 9.017 7.824 1599 -2.515 7.938 18.179 9.483 8.266 1600 -3.223 6.265 17.242 8.237 7.125 1601 -2.817 6.474 17.137 8.022 7.199 1602 -0.369 7.252 17.549 8.958 8.342 1603 -1.895 7.591 17.998 9.339 8.253 1604 -0.152 7.320 17.798 8.640 8.396 1605 -0.459 7.210 17.658 9.453 8.460 1606 -0.717 7.323 17.080 8.800 8.116 1607 1.022 7.320 17.650 9.341 8.828 1608 -4.141 6.975 16.920 8.795 7.132 1609 0.635 7.264 17.313 9.011 8.551 1610 -0.748 6.637 17.783 9.506 8.289 1611 -0.970 7.704 18.027 8.575 8.329 1612 -1.524 7.043 17.684 9.071 8.063 1613 0.730 7.272 17.483 8.682 8.537 1614 -1.841 6.364 17.355 8.400 7.564 1615 -1.437 6.525 18.012 9.398 8.119 1616 -1.925 7.368 18.375 9.178 8.244 1617 0.583 7.545 17.229 9.178 8.629 1618 -1.246 7.100 16.992 9.356 8.045 1619 -0.430 6.863 17.619 8.682 8.178 1620 -2.010 7.156 17.627 9.234 7.997 1621 -3.028 7.381 16.826 8.860 7.505 1622 -2.465 6.804 17.621 9.126 7.766 1623 -0.829 7.043 17.998 9.018 8.302 1624 -2.781 7.838 18.012 9.341 8.097 1625 0.296 6.866 17.376 8.693 8.303 1626 -0.032 7.210 17.381 9.566 8.526 1627 -2.139 6.449 16.985 8.801 7.519 1628 -0.117 6.995 16.807 8.843 8.127 1629 0.014 6.851 17.944 9.286 8.519 1630 -0.033 6.934 17.867 9.013 8.440 1631 -1.214 7.320 18.044 9.280 8.352 1632 -1.134 6.863 17.320 8.458 7.872 1633 -0.080 6.971 17.351 8.851 8.268 1634 -1.187 7.097 17.684 8.625 8.050 1635 -2.932 6.396 17.532 9.017 7.498 1636 -0.877 7.958 17.743 8.681 8.371 1637 -1.784 7.416 18.070 8.518 8.050 1638 -0.998 7.763 17.945 8.579 8.317 1639 -0.433 7.043 17.230 9.360 8.295 1640 -1.250 6.232 17.574 8.478 7.753 1641 -1.559 6.866 17.356 8.630 7.818 1642 -0.444 6.093 17.546 9.075 8.062 1643 -0.164 6.065 17.806 8.358 8.011 1644 -1.302 7.033 17.915 9.234 8.215 1645 -1.260 7.658 18.033 8.913 8.331 1646 -2.572 7.435 18.044 8.963 7.962 1647 -0.577 7.489 17.493 9.621 8.501 1648 -0.462 7.269 17.302 8.955 8.261 1649 -1.958 6.883 17.581 8.748 7.808 1650 -0.066 6.734 17.776 9.081 8.376 1651 -1.149 6.753 17.768 8.856 8.052 1652 -0.724 6.612 17.793 9.513 8.293 1653 -1.393 7.419 17.641 9.018 8.166 1654 -0.418 7.084 17.494 9.013 8.288 1655 -1.802 6.666 17.571 9.123 7.884 1656 -1.602 7.097 17.623 8.908 8.001 1657 -0.223 7.323 17.414 8.870 8.341 1658 -3.592 6.717 17.298 9.183 7.396 1659 -1.267 6.739 17.467 8.835 8.079 1660 -2.505 7.279 17.584 8.859 7.977 1661 0.002 7.315 17.953 9.465 8.768 1662 -0.126 7.112 17.594 9.058 8.398 1663 -2.780 6.598 17.741 9.097 8.098 1664 -0.376 6.738 17.877 8.591 8.241 1665 -2.453 6.601 17.441 8.732 7.697 1666 -1.066 7.113 17.828 8.944 8.062 1667 -1.999 6.491 17.852 8.881 8.189 1668 -0.363 6.270 17.582 9.521 8.482 1669 -1.105 6.970 17.791 9.621 8.157 1670 -3.102 7.241 17.390 8.886 8.060 1671 -0.188 7.448 17.419 8.943 8.572 1672 -1.887 7.044 17.494 9.035 8.089 1673 -0.141 7.106 17.437 8.837 8.388 1674 -2.318 6.922 17.170 8.817 7.919 1675 -0.556 6.170 16.999 8.093 7.863 1676 0.005 6.379 17.962 8.152 8.134 1677 -1.754 6.534 17.750 8.819 8.056 1678 -0.834 6.966 17.829 9.501 8.492 1679 -2.353 6.999 18.050 8.577 7.845 1680 -0.687 7.568 17.679 10.029 8.544 1681 -3.086 6.982 17.630 9.579 7.981 1682 -0.585 7.198 17.640 9.104 8.499 1683 -0.853 6.769 17.666 8.649 7.982 1684 -3.981 6.756 17.874 8.755 7.664 1685 -2.425 6.974 17.580 9.035 7.914 1686 0.495 7.739 17.770 9.076 8.629 1687 -1.469 6.707 17.479 9.141 7.975 1688 -2.145 6.431 17.285 8.719 7.726 1689 -1.391 6.911 17.486 8.856 7.965 1690 -0.205 6.811 17.419 8.929 8.198 1691 -2.662 5.849 17.629 8.434 7.515 1692 -2.605 6.757 17.332 8.712 7.688 1693 -0.454 6.266 17.537 9.029 8.338 1694 -2.218 6.963 17.180 8.351 7.780 1695 -4.040 5.163 16.623 8.690 7.433 1696 -0.039 5.850 17.419 9.135 8.271 1697 -3.497 6.297 17.302 8.598 7.490 1698 -2.868 6.847 17.197 8.507 7.669 1699 -0.697 6.024 17.660 9.086 8.185 1700 -0.882 6.601 17.123 8.549 7.851 1701 -0.731 5.339 17.685 9.433 8.287 1702 0.538 6.702 17.583 8.735 8.535 1703 -0.893 7.620 17.513 9.053 8.362 1704 -1.095 6.790 17.940 9.170 8.228 1705 -1.281 5.728 17.560 8.932 8.083 1706 -0.908 7.309 18.253 9.686 8.564 1707 0.156 6.835 17.951 9.046 8.480 1708 0.714 6.821 17.654 9.120 8.621 1709 -4.152 6.631 17.621 9.142 7.616 1710 -1.149 6.950 17.733 9.289 8.486 1711 -0.048 7.539 17.787 9.144 8.510 1712 -0.678 6.526 17.448 8.954 8.066 1713 -0.348 5.378 17.119 8.357 7.905 1714 -1.125 5.443 17.021 8.955 7.960 1715 -0.907 7.397 17.510 9.101 8.180 1716 -3.021 6.087 17.272 8.263 7.495 1717 -1.309 6.916 17.567 8.798 8.185 1718 -1.973 6.792 18.117 9.372 8.159 1719 -0.137 6.639 18.234 8.891 8.295 1720 -0.826 6.621 17.116 8.802 8.054 1721 -0.636 6.109 17.545 8.760 8.143 1722 0.149 6.842 17.504 10.082 8.856 1723 -0.576 7.453 17.625 9.236 8.646 1724 0.788 6.589 17.422 8.830 8.401 1725 -1.120 6.566 17.087 8.755 8.039 1726 -1.285 7.694 17.796 8.515 8.129 1727 -0.186 6.756 17.782 9.584 8.645 1728 -0.036 7.540 17.322 9.308 8.387 1729 -1.947 6.393 17.453 9.143 8.149 1730 0.015 7.296 17.945 8.305 8.267 1731 -0.725 6.518 16.895 9.489 8.147 1732 -0.233 7.589 16.910 8.973 8.150 1733 -0.184 7.171 16.933 8.913 8.599 1734 0.820 7.240 17.441 8.733 8.549 1735 -0.276 8.085 17.580 8.909 8.724 1736 -0.445 6.945 17.530 9.278 8.461 1737 -0.042 6.859 17.275 9.244 8.446 1738 -0.307 7.317 17.736 9.367 8.638 1739 -0.366 6.777 17.268 8.103 7.890 1740 -2.683 5.844 17.080 8.436 7.414 1741 0.607 6.670 17.076 9.449 8.381 1742 -0.107 6.244 17.074 9.080 8.040 1743 -0.712 7.204 17.877 8.946 8.458 1744 -1.122 7.906 17.567 9.418 8.405 1745 -1.537 7.254 17.824 9.285 8.175 1746 -0.521 6.783 17.527 8.877 8.390 1747 -0.250 6.878 17.612 9.655 8.338 1748 -0.744 6.531 18.270 9.161 8.392 1749 -0.301 7.283 17.837 9.062 8.366 1750 0.069 8.296 17.855 8.036 8.492 1751 -1.235 7.833 17.733 8.689 8.325 1752 -0.510 7.493 18.488 9.447 8.677 1753 -0.948 7.507 17.607 9.650 8.328 1754 -1.629 6.975 17.672 9.499 8.287 1755 -2.582 7.378 18.272 9.294 8.126 1756 0.025 6.718 17.734 8.745 8.267 1757 -1.562 7.878 18.849 8.244 8.423 1758 -1.836 7.175 17.442 8.269 7.718 1759 -0.272 7.053 18.232 8.607 8.238 1760 -2.088 6.737 17.764 9.033 7.982 1761 -0.849 8.081 18.616 9.048 8.485 1762 -0.862 7.421 17.665 8.442 8.269 1763 -1.650 6.646 18.406 8.315 8.084 1764 0.607 7.673 17.687 8.895 8.746 1765 -0.582 7.829 17.480 9.466 8.505 1766 -1.963 8.383 18.226 9.796 8.512 1767 -2.391 6.868 17.723 10.171 8.021 1768 -2.397 6.377 17.987 9.128 7.977 1769 0.380 7.407 17.856 8.341 8.335 1770 -1.443 6.518 17.740 10.199 8.333 1771 -1.263 6.263 17.835 8.988 7.989 1772 -0.496 6.800 18.042 10.536 8.645 1773 -0.365 7.904 17.834 10.198 8.884 1774 -0.566 8.185 18.521 7.596 8.141 1775 -0.822 7.080 18.804 10.158 8.838 1776 -1.246 7.105 18.534 9.060 8.350 1777 -1.478 7.199 17.465 8.939 8.010 1778 -1.177 8.056 18.258 8.573 8.456 1779 -0.389 8.881 17.761 10.120 9.026 1780 -1.274 7.641 17.776 8.915 8.088 1781 -1.725 7.573 18.446 9.859 8.553 1782 -1.967 6.763 17.869 8.589 7.778 1783 -1.292 7.570 18.474 9.545 8.520 1784 -2.350 6.506 18.177 8.906 7.836 1785 -1.598 5.075 17.442 8.900 7.418 1786 -1.582 6.825 17.737 7.631 7.690 1787 -1.043 6.927 17.528 9.331 8.218 1788 -0.924 7.037 18.529 8.732 7.734 1789 -3.540 6.741 18.388 9.924 8.437 1790 0.323 7.257 17.598 8.816 8.447 1791 0.736 7.842 18.037 8.798 8.882 1792 -0.954 7.263 18.267 9.094 8.282 1793 -0.651 7.039 18.411 9.457 8.542 1794 -0.326 8.897 18.179 9.276 9.082 1795 -2.056 7.423 17.764 9.397 8.200 1796 0.465 6.511 18.259 9.259 8.450 1797 -0.193 7.911 18.469 10.155 9.164 1798 -0.114 8.116 18.684 9.434 8.693 1799 -3.655 6.154 17.435 9.623 7.425 1800 -2.231 7.260 17.228 9.524 8.209 1801 -0.563 8.572 17.158 9.935 8.727 1802 -1.336 7.487 18.165 9.536 8.433 1803 -2.960 7.737 18.217 8.666 7.729 1804 -1.329 7.012 18.038 8.971 8.106 1805 -2.738 6.522 17.542 7.844 7.563 1806 0.169 7.151 17.533 9.615 8.735 1807 0.519 6.346 18.786 9.610 8.590 1808 -0.555 5.994 18.599 9.384 7.957 1809 -2.466 5.966 18.028 8.753 7.902 1810 -0.832 6.372 17.252 9.131 7.865 1811 -1.340 8.194 18.700 9.166 8.604 1812 -1.170 6.310 17.894 8.598 7.545 1813 -2.587 7.463 17.215 9.164 8.162 1814 -2.748 6.457 17.728 8.863 7.762 1815 -0.901 7.665 17.123 9.076 8.077 1816 -1.625 6.593 17.040 8.834 7.798 1817 0.454 6.765 17.740 8.419 8.233 1818 -1.316 7.592 17.746 9.159 8.570 1819 -0.182 7.415 18.378 9.288 8.526 1820 -2.515 7.874 17.674 8.853 8.013 1821 -1.475 7.650 16.527 9.622 8.404 1822 0.913 9.060 17.951 9.693 9.246 1823 -1.982 7.601 18.070 9.280 8.426 1824 0.585 7.473 17.528 9.919 8.891 1825 0.251 6.973 17.429 9.639 8.622 1826 -0.914 7.614 18.764 9.682 8.750 1827 -0.951 8.370 18.142 8.739 8.567 1828 -1.554 7.687 17.942 8.779 8.098 1829 -2.590 6.392 17.278 8.074 7.037 1830 -3.578 7.440 17.733 8.994 8.003 1831 -1.091 7.432 17.784 8.752 8.143 1832 -0.538 6.863 16.963 8.410 7.849 1833 -0.971 7.155 17.101 9.277 8.286 1834 -0.353 7.395 18.663 9.430 8.714 1835 0.110 7.003 17.311 8.265 7.915 1836 -1.987 7.738 17.065 8.878 8.235 1837 -0.692 6.135 17.309 8.838 7.776 1838 -3.298 6.511 17.104 8.918 7.398 1839 -1.010 5.856 18.207 9.584 8.086 1840 -1.556 6.109 17.314 8.911 7.484 1841 -3.104 8.174 17.795 9.583 8.530 1842 -0.566 6.793 17.962 8.104 8.008 1843 1.005 6.289 17.441 8.903 8.375 1844 -1.491 7.062 17.145 8.898 7.764 1845 -2.111 5.211 17.850 9.383 7.813 1846 -0.619 7.907 18.779 9.520 8.642 1847 -1.961 6.550 17.884 9.394 8.096 1848 -1.798 8.133 17.915 9.015 8.324 1849 -1.010 6.763 17.247 8.849 7.839 1850 -2.245 6.761 18.013 8.435 7.935 1851 -0.778 6.896 17.426 9.769 8.270 1852 -0.620 6.382 17.975 8.674 8.147 1853 0.188 5.895 18.061 9.252 8.151 1854 -1.870 7.234 17.946 8.789 8.189 1855 -1.659 6.847 18.060 9.059 7.719 1856 -1.684 6.385 17.146 7.827 7.664 1857 -1.548 6.957 17.587 9.269 8.141 1858 -1.635 6.958 18.306 8.852 8.019 1859 -0.102 7.780 18.231 9.259 8.704 1860 -1.306 6.744 17.647 8.504 7.843 1861 -2.278 6.724 18.459 8.823 8.033 1862 -2.494 7.761 17.041 8.552 7.613 1863 -0.077 7.878 17.553 9.879 8.954 1864 -1.624 6.710 17.343 7.831 7.443 1865 -1.906 6.891 17.340 9.311 8.068 1866 -0.017 6.878 17.547 8.830 8.294 1867 -0.673 6.082 17.000 8.323 7.448 1868 -2.395 7.719 18.412 8.908 8.505 1869 0.163 7.551 17.576 8.877 8.533 1870 -1.630 6.908 17.489 8.465 7.594 1871 -3.935 6.801 17.156 7.861 7.024 1872 -1.649 8.104 17.585 9.883 8.846 1873 -0.016 6.562 18.021 9.049 8.382 1874 -0.484 6.445 17.357 9.182 8.074 1875 -2.336 5.761 17.804 7.670 7.006 1876 -2.525 6.843 17.976 8.190 7.792 1877 -1.368 5.919 17.530 8.475 7.784 1878 -0.678 7.488 17.359 10.170 8.580 1879 -0.745 6.628 17.260 8.373 7.588 1880 -2.723 6.698 17.588 8.770 7.870 1881 -1.845 6.207 17.183 8.116 7.386 1882 -0.133 7.947 17.308 8.689 8.405 1883 -1.260 6.184 17.519 9.372 8.043 1884 -0.251 6.729 16.755 8.343 7.908 1885 -0.681 7.007 17.131 8.307 7.875 1886 -1.535 6.789 17.226 9.234 8.079 1887 -0.264 6.899 17.318 8.675 7.994 1888 -2.499 6.234 16.646 8.252 7.163 1889 -1.915 7.064 17.607 9.042 7.917 1890 -1.082 8.031 17.574 8.459 8.253 1891 -2.541 7.011 17.195 8.696 7.901 1892 -0.923 6.810 17.121 9.128 7.790 1893 -3.810 6.696 17.362 8.982 7.562 1894 -0.486 7.797 17.457 8.363 8.246 1895 -2.218 6.818 17.515 9.350 7.914 1896 -1.524 6.885 17.696 8.983 7.996 1897 -1.111 7.814 17.906 8.615 8.315 1898 -0.707 6.921 17.310 9.343 8.378 1899 0.060 6.578 16.968 9.471 8.064 1900 -1.511 6.162 17.394 9.331 8.075 1901 -2.218 7.408 18.333 8.808 8.211 1902 -0.573 6.116 16.477 7.722 7.295 1903 -0.675 7.780 16.960 8.862 8.409 1904 -0.331 6.811 17.046 8.407 7.937 1905 -1.388 7.297 17.818 8.695 8.153 1906 -0.190 7.734 17.372 9.028 8.381 1907 -2.043 6.701 16.786 9.141 7.602 1908 -1.065 6.698 17.134 8.007 7.717 1909 -1.891 6.287 16.860 9.435 7.825 1910 0.783 7.602 16.945 8.546 8.489 1911 -1.076 7.103 17.510 9.384 8.214 1912 -0.984 7.273 16.989 7.532 7.681 1913 -0.355 7.835 16.853 9.544 8.387 1914 -0.282 7.821 17.385 8.120 8.341 1915 0.272 6.490 17.075 7.862 7.748 1916 0.100 7.218 16.984 8.835 8.395 1917 -1.956 5.769 18.034 9.538 7.645 1918 -1.133 7.201 16.692 9.614 8.263 1919 -0.365 6.575 16.965 8.401 7.763 1920 -0.547 9.139 17.468 8.308 8.627 1921 -0.395 8.761 17.485 8.248 8.482 1922 -1.479 7.535 17.343 8.189 7.945 1923 -0.478 7.124 16.619 9.973 8.276 1924 -1.875 6.933 17.392 9.640 8.088 1925 1.276 7.433 17.424 8.399 8.488 1926 -0.740 7.432 17.196 9.751 8.441 1927 -1.009 7.595 18.170 9.073 8.305 1928 -1.287 6.790 17.105 9.531 8.187 1929 -3.117 6.376 17.457 9.989 7.877 1930 0.877 8.033 17.862 9.626 8.914 1931 -1.051 6.991 17.801 8.494 8.004 1932 -0.977 6.681 17.883 9.859 8.561 1933 -0.511 6.804 17.501 9.096 7.814 1934 -1.143 8.477 17.911 10.282 9.231 1935 -0.241 6.836 17.701 9.671 8.460 1936 0.353 7.844 18.182 8.692 8.759 1937 -0.136 8.344 18.362 10.025 8.988 1938 -0.259 7.559 18.503 10.554 9.088 1939 0.386 7.092 18.124 9.046 8.642 1940 -3.149 6.603 17.405 9.409 7.468 1941 -2.157 6.152 17.623 7.723 7.302 1942 -4.029 6.259 17.435 9.461 7.479 1943 -0.401 8.136 17.845 10.007 8.947 1944 0.482 7.008 17.700 9.643 8.623 1945 -0.902 7.717 18.133 9.092 8.412 1946 -0.915 7.803 18.350 9.153 8.633 1947 -2.471 7.900 18.653 9.597 8.493 1948 0.169 8.330 17.467 9.327 8.787 1949 0.496 7.592 17.309 10.242 9.012 1950 -0.688 8.519 17.946 9.572 8.721 1951 -0.332 7.217 17.799 9.409 8.600 1952 0.472 6.914 17.853 8.738 8.384 1953 -1.007 7.715 18.161 9.390 8.630 1954 -2.196 7.342 17.857 9.699 8.254 1955 0.553 6.251 17.691 9.509 8.245 1956 -2.571 6.518 17.060 8.052 7.344 1957 0.617 7.314 17.872 9.485 8.794 1958 -0.292 6.532 17.254 9.768 8.337 1959 0.059 8.217 18.237 8.595 8.766 1960 -0.704 7.688 17.876 9.285 8.684 1961 1.192 8.419 17.811 10.171 9.159 1962 -0.150 6.892 16.922 9.770 8.259 1963 -3.222 6.891 17.768 10.178 7.911 1964 -1.492 7.097 17.681 9.401 8.335 1965 -0.850 6.568 16.946 8.560 7.808 1966 -0.708 7.628 17.673 9.572 8.467 1967 -1.173 8.121 17.663 10.437 8.632 1968 -1.937 7.891 17.351 9.046 8.196 1969 -1.893 6.654 17.429 9.530 7.765 1970 -1.795 7.144 17.840 9.291 8.277 1971 -0.033 6.905 17.469 8.644 8.333 1972 -0.637 7.786 18.213 8.695 8.552 1973 0.665 7.626 17.827 8.252 8.366 1974 0.387 7.505 17.398 9.372 8.909 1975 1.386 8.418 17.791 9.410 9.087 1976 -1.164 7.016 17.094 8.451 7.812 1977 -0.162 7.803 16.987 9.208 8.442 1978 -0.901 7.298 16.701 9.019 7.859 1979 -2.051 7.635 17.553 9.035 8.313 1980 -0.747 6.380 17.370 8.913 7.860 1981 -0.454 7.489 17.713 9.628 8.545 1982 -1.046 7.659 17.532 9.936 8.710 1983 0.686 8.442 17.805 9.391 8.955 1984 0.069 7.572 17.031 9.666 8.544 1985 -3.115 7.373 17.525 9.030 7.681 1986 -1.548 7.983 17.831 9.321 8.313 1987 -2.339 6.123 17.189 9.562 7.732 1988 0.505 7.700 18.336 8.657 8.770 1989 1.328 9.263 18.199 9.574 9.644 1990 1.734 8.968 17.865 9.574 9.539 1991 -0.169 7.547 18.120 9.792 8.756 1992 0.443 8.239 18.146 8.841 8.959 1993 0.504 8.155 17.224 7.859 8.459 1994 0.193 8.361 18.432 9.924 9.204 1995 1.443 8.195 18.424 9.260 9.123 1996 -1.489 7.327 17.918 9.402 8.352 1997 -0.026 7.609 18.282 9.218 8.851 1998 0.896 7.913 18.190 8.836 8.868 1999 -0.195 8.513 18.829 10.121 9.436 2000 0.743 8.947 18.177 10.475 9.664 2001 0.996 8.489 18.665 9.987 9.284 2002 0.207 9.214 18.905 9.301 9.508 2003 -1.101 8.521 19.615 9.838 9.374 2004 0.187 8.297 18.325 10.073 9.235