The need for tissue engineering

Osteoporosis

Hormone regulation of calcium

  • Parathyroid hormone
    • Raises blood Ca from bone
  • Calcitrol (active vitamin D)
    • Raises blood Ca
    • Promotes intestinal absorption of Ca
  • Calcitonin
    • Reduces blood Ca
    • Inhibits bone resorption by reducing osteoclasts
  • Estrogens
    • Promote bone growth
  • Testosterone
    • Stimulates bone and cartilage growth
  • Growth hormone
    • Promotes bone and cartilage growth
    • Increases intestinal absorption of Ca
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