Lymphocyte independent responses
- Activation of complement (alternative pathway)
- Bacterial cell killing
- Release of C3a and C5a - mast cell degranulation
- C5a attracts and activates neutrophils
- Vascular permeability
- Opsonisation
- Chemotaxis
Attracts more immune cells to the site of infection via complement or bacterial molecules and chemokines triggered by PAMPs.
- Macrophage release of cytokines
E.g. TNF and IL-1
- Activation of phagocytic cells
- Increased adhesion to endothelium
- Enter into inflamed tissue
- Increase motility of leucocytes
- NK release of cytokines
E.g. IFN