Abstract: Tropical algebra (also known as max-plus algebra) is the linear algebra of the real numbers augmented with minus infinity when equipped with the binary operations of addition and maximisation. In this talk I shall describe some joint work with Mark Kambites on the algebraic structure of the semigroup of all 2x2 tropical matrices under multiplication. In particular, we give a complete description of Green's relations and the maximal subgroups of this semigroup.